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Organoids for efficacy, safety & immunity

Start with the modality or program goal, then match tumor PDOs, PDO 2.0, normal-tissue or disease models and assays for candidate comparison, mechanism studies and safety decisions.

By therapeutic modalityBy development question

MODALITIES

By therapeutic modality

Start from how the candidate works, then select the model, controls and readouts that best test the mechanism.

5 application areas
Organoid study design for antibodies, multispecifics and TCEs from target and model selection to functional endpointsAntibody, multispecific and TCE study design01

Antibodies, multispecifics & TCEs

Evaluate target expression, effector-cell conditions, dynamic killing and immune activation together in human 3D tumor models.

↗ADC-associated morphology and dose response in two breast cancer PDO modelsBreast cancer PDOs · ADC morphology and dose response02

ADC

Compare ADC candidates in human organoids using target-expression, tissue-distribution and activity readouts, with dedicated studies of bystander killing.

↗PanCK, CD3 and DAPI immunofluorescence in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma tissue and PDO 2.0 culturesccRCC PDO 2.0 · T cells and tissue context03

Immunotherapy

Use PDO 2.0 / ALI and project-relevant immune assays to study relationships among immune composition, architecture and treatment response.

↗Tumor-cell killing readouts in glioma PDO 2.0 across inhibitor concentrationsGlioma PDO 2.0 · inhibitor dose-related killing04

Small molecules & targeted therapy

Compare candidates across doses, time points and combinations in models selected for the target and indication, using mechanism-linked readouts to explain differences.

↗Organoid genetic-perturbation workflow from model selection to functional validation05

Cell & gene therapy

Use human organoids for gene delivery, genetic perturbation and co-culture studies with therapeutic cells, with functional, mechanistic and safety readouts matched to the program.

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QUESTIONS

By development question

Start with the safety, delivery or biomarker question, then combine the models and readouts needed to answer it.

3 application areas
Human kidney organoid bright-field morphology before and 24/48 hours after doxorubicin exposure01

Safety & toxicology

Use human organ models to compare dose- and exposure-related injury with organ-specific morphological, functional and molecular readouts.

↗FITC-Dextran barrier-permeability imaging in mouse intestinal organoids02

Drug delivery & barrier permeability

Confirm barrier structure and baseline function, then interpret candidate transport or retention alongside barrier-integrity readouts.

↗F-actin and ZO-1 immunofluorescence in mouse intestinal organoidsMouse IBD barrier assay03

Disease mechanism & biomarkers

Interpret tissue-level, functional and molecular changes in the context of the model and treatment to identify reproducible, testable signals for R&D decisions.

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Evaluate one candidate across efficacy, immune response, mechanism and safety

Share your modality, mechanism and program priorities; our scientists will recommend which studies to combine and how to sequence them.

Plan your study